The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England

Adélaïde

Wife of Lambert, count of Chalon, and Geoffroy Grisegonelle, count of Anjou.

Adélaïde appears with her husband count Lambert of Chalon and her son Hugues in a number of sources ["Clarissimus comes domnus Lambertus, ... S. Adalaidis, uxoris ejus, et Hugonis, filii ejus." Cart. Paray-le-Monial, 82-3 (#165); "Facit autem hanc donationem jamdictus præsul Hugo Deo devotus, primum pro amore Dei, inde pro anima patris sui Lanberti ac matris suæ Adeleydis, ..." Cart. Paray-le-Monial, 113 (#213); "Hugo Cabilonensis, ex patre Lamberto, comitum venerabilissimo, et matre Adelaide generosissima; ..." Gesta pontificum Autissiodorensium, c. 49, Bib. Hist. Yonne, 1: 386]. The chronology of Adélaïde's marriages is difficult to determine, because of contradictions in the sources. She appears with her first husband Lambert in the 28th year of Lothair, which would be between 12 November 981 and 11 November 982 if dated in the usual way, but this contradicts the usual date of 978 given for Lambert's death ["Ego Lanbertus comes atque uxor mea Adeleydis ... anno XXVIII Hlotharii regis" Cart. Cluny 2: 755 (#1444bis)]. She appears (without a husband) with her son Hugues in the 26th year of Lothair ["... S. Adalaidis, comitissæ humilis, et Hugonis, filii ejus. ... pridie kalendas decembris, die martis, anno XXVI regnante Lothario rege." Cart. Cluny, 2: 587 (#1537)]. Adélaïde appears with her second husband Geoffroy in the 30th year of Lothair ["... S. Gauzfredi, comitis. S. Adaleidis, comitissa. ..., die XVIII mensis octobris, regnante Hlothario rege anno XXX" Cart. Cluny 2: 724 (#1701)]. She appears again with Geoffroy in the "34th year" of Lothair ["... ego Gausfredus, comes, atque uxor mea Adeleidis, atque Hugo, filius Lanberti comitis ... Signum Gausfredi, comitis, et uxor ejus Adaleidis et Hugonis, filii ejus, ... Data mense martio, anno XXXIIII Hlotharii regis." Cart. Cluny 2: 528-9 (#1474); note that Lothair reigned for less than 32 years]. The chronological problems of these charters are discussed on Lambert's page.

Date of birth: Unknown.
Place of birth: Unknown.

Date of death: After 999.
She was still living in 999, because she signed a charter in which her son Hugues appears as bishop ["S. Hugonis comitis et episcopi. S. Adelaidis com[itissæ]. S. Mauricii." Cart. Paray-le-Monial, 6 (#5)]
Place of death: Unknown.

Father: Unknown.
Mother: Unknown.
There have been numerous conjectures regarding her parentage. See the Commentary section.

Spouses:

(1) Lambert, d. 22 February, 977×985, probably 978, count of Chalon.

(2) Geoffroy I Grisegonelle, d. 21 July 987, count of Anjou.

Children:

(by Lambert)

Hugues, d. 4 November 1039, count of Chalon, prob. 978-1039; bishop of Auxerre, 999-1039.

Mathilde, d. before 1019, m. Geoffroy de Semur.

See the page of Lambert.

(by Geoffroy)

Maurice, d. in or before 1038.

See the page of Geoffroy I Grisegonelle.

Commentary

Adélaïde's second marriage to count Geoffroy

It is well documented that after the death of Lambert, Adélaïde married a count named Geoffroy. This is proven quite clearly in a charter of her second husband Geoffroy from Cluny ["... ego Gausfredus, comes, atque uxor mea Adeleidis, atque Hugo, filius Lanberti comitis ... Signum Gausfredi, comitis, et uxor ejus Adaleidis et Hugonis, filii ejus, ... Data mense martio, anno XXXIIII Hlotharii regis." Cart. Cluny 2: 528-9 (#1474)] and in a charter of her grandson count Thibaud of Chalon from Saint-Marcel-lès-Chalon ["Ego in Dei nomine Tetbaldus comes Cabilonensium ... quod nobilissimus comes Gaufredus, qui post mortem prestantissimi et christianissimi comitis, avii mei Lamberti, accepit ejus conjugem, aviam meam, Adheleydam comitissam, ..." Cart. S.-Marcel-lès-Chalon, 11 (#6)]. It is also clear that Adélaïde was the mother of a son named Maurice, as established by several charters ["Clarissimus et strenuissimus Cabilonensium comes, domnus Hugo, et mater ejus nomine Adeleidis, et domnus Mauricius, frater ejus, ... in beneficio comite Lamberto et uxore ejus Adeleide et filio eorum Hugone." Cart. Paray-le-Monial, 90 (#180); "Domnus Hugo comes atque mater sua, nomine Adeleidis, ... Testes sunt domnus Hugo comes. S. Adeleidis, matris suae. S. Mauritii, filii ejus." Cart. Paray-le-Monial, 97-8 (#193); "S. Hugonis comitis. S. Mauricii comitis, fratris ejus. S. Adeleydis, matris eorum, comitisse." Cart. Cluny 3: 50 (#1794)]. However, there is no unambiguous evidence which would either clearly identify this Geoffroy or tell us whether Maurice was Adélaïde's son by her first husband Lambert or her second husband Geoffroy.

The possibility that Maurice was by Adélaïde's second husband can then be matched with what seems like more than a coincidence, for count Geoffroy Grisegonelle of Anjou (d. 987) was the father of a son Maurice, mentioned as a brother of Geoffroy's son count Foulques "Nerra" in a charter of 1003 [Cart. S.-Aubin 1: 157-8]. Thus, the main issue here is two identifications, that is, the possible identification of Geoffroy Grisegonelle as the count Geoffroy who was Adélaïde's second husband, and the possible identification of Adélaïde's son Maurice with the son of Geoffroy Grisegonelle of the same name. It is easily seen that the truth of either one of these identifications would virtually clinch the other one, so we can easily assume that the two identifications are either both true or both false. The identifications are widely accepted in the histories of Anjou [e.g., Mabille (1871); Halphen (1906); Bachrach (1985)]. In 1986, Henri de Chizelle argued against these identifications, identifying the second husband of Adélaïde as a certain Geoffroy de Semur [Chizelle (1986)]. In a long paper on the maternal ancestry of Otte-Guillaume of Burgundy (probably a grandson of Lambert) in 1994, Christian Settipani argued in favor of the identifications, followed by a response by Chizelle in 1996. Points which have been made on each side include the following.

For the identifications:

• The name Maurice is relatively uncommon.
• Maurice of Anjou is not mentioned in the 974 charter of Adèle, wife of Geoffroy Grisegonelle which mentions her two known sons by Geoffroy [Cart. S.-Aubin 1: 7-10], suggesting that Maurice was not a son of Adèle.
• Since the second husband of Adélaïde is called "count" Geoffroy, Geoffroy of Anjou is an obvious candidate. In particular, the Geoffroy of Semur offered as an alternative by Henri de Chizelle is known only from late local histories, and his attempts to identify count Geoffroy with a certain Josserand are unconvincing [Chizelle (1996), 82-3].
• The count Geoffroy who was the second husband of Adélaïde does not appear in the records after the reign of Lothaire (d. 986), which would be consistent with his identification of Geoffroy Grisegonelle (d. 987).
• The Gesta pontificum Autissiodorensium states that Hugues had no "germanus frater" to represent his affairs ["Huic non pervenerat afinitate germanus frater, qui videlicet hereditario jure res paternas regere potuisset; ...", Gesta pontificum Autissiodorensium, c. 49, Bib. Hist. Yonne, 1: 387]. In addition, Rodulfus Glaber states that Hugues was Lambert's only son ["Fuit enim idem Hugo episcopus Autissioderi, regensque comitatum patris ex imperio regis, quoniam praeter eum pater non habuit sobolem sexus masculini", Rodulfus Glaber III, ii, 6, p. 57]. This suggests that Maurice, brother of count/bishop Hugues, was a son of Adélaïde by her second marriage with a count Geoffroy. Thus, two independent sources suggest that Hugues was the only son of Lambert. If Lambert were indeed a son of Adélaïde by her second marriage, this would make a strong case for the identification, for otherwise the existence of two father son pairs named count Geoffroy and Maurice would have to be explained away as a striking coincidence.

Against the identifications:

• The identifications are not directly attested. The count Geoffroy who married Adélaïde is not otherwise identified in the records, and no second marriage for Geoffroy Grisegonelle is directly attested. In addition, the title of "count" for Adélaïde's second husband does not necessarily mean that he held that title before his marriage to Adélaïde.
• One copy of one of the Cluny charters has Hugues mention his brother Maurice and our father Lambert, evidently making Maurice a son of Lambert. ["Quapropter, inquit, ut Deum propicium habere possim, tam ego Hugo comes, quam mater Adelaydis, et frater meus Mauritius et tam pro ablutione pii patris [nostri] Lanberti", Cart. Cluny 3: 49 (#1794); Chizelle (1986), 54]. However, this argument is weakened by the fact that the word nostri appears in only one of the two copies on which the published charter is based, and by the possibility that Hugues was using the "royal we" in the use of that word.
• A charter of count-bishop Hugues dated 999 mentions his brothers and sisters as both in the plural ["Facit autem hanc donacionem jamdictus praesul Hugo Deo devotus, primum pro amore Dei, inde pro anima patris sui Lanberti, ac matris suae Adeleydis, ac gloriosi Rodberti regis atque Aeynrici ducis, necnon pro animabus fratrum ac sororum, nepotumque ac omnium utriusque sexus propinquorum, ... sicuti olim a Gausfredo comite, matris ejusdem praesulis conjuge, ... Signum Hugonis episcopi, qui hanc donationem fieri et firmare rogavit. Signum Aynrici ducis. Signum Ottonis comitis. Signum Widonis comitis. Signum Mauricii comitis. ... Data mense maio, indictione duodecima, anno Incarnationis dominicae DCCCCmo.XCo.VIIIIo, Rodberto rege, anno quarto regni ejus." Cart. Paray-le-Monial, 111-114 (#213); also in Cart. Cluny 3: 562-6 (#2484)]. However, this need not refer to living brothers and sisters.
• The reference of Maurice, brother of Hugues, as a count in about 988 ["S. Hugonis comitis. S. Mauricii comitis, fratris ejus. S. Adeleydis, matris eorum, comitisse." Cart. Cluny 3: 50 (#1794)] would suggest that he was more than just a boy at the time, as any son of Adélaïde by her second marriage would have to be.
• The most straightforward interpretation of the evidence involving the parentage of Gerberge, successively wife of king Adalberto of Italy and duke Eudes-Henri of Burgundy, and mother of Otte-Guillaume, count of Burgundy, would make her a full sister (germana) of Hugues, count of Chalon and bishop of Auxerre, and thus a daughter of Lambert and Adélaïde. This in turn would lead to a serious chronological problem in the birth of Adélaïde's children, for Gerberge's date of birth can be placed as late as say 947 only with difficulty. If Maurice was a son of Adélaïde's second marriage to count Geoffroy, then he would have been born in 979 or later. An interval of 32 years between the births of two children of the same woman is at the very edge of the range of believability (if, say, the elder child were born when the woman was 15 and the younger one when she was 47). These matters are discussed in much more detail on Gerberge's page.

Of all of the arguments against the identifications, the only serious problem is the chronological one. When I first wrote about this problem, in an earlier version of the page for Geoffroy Grisegonelle, I left the matter unsettled. Now that I have examined the evidence for Gerberge's parentage in detail, I believe that the identifications are correct. The most probable solution for the chronological problem is that Gerberge was a daughter of Lambert by an earlier marriage. The solution proposed by Chizelle, which would take care of the chronological problem by rejecting the identifications and making Maurice a son of Lambert (thus allowing an earlier birthdate), is much less likely.

Supposed child (chronologically improbable): Gerberge, more probably a daughter of Lambert, count of Chalon, by an earlier marriage.
There are two problems that have led to contradictory opinions about Gerberge's parentage. One is the existence of two contradictory sources, which is discussed in detail on Gerberge's page. The other problem involves the chronology of Adélaïde's children, as is discussed above in the comments about her second marriage.

Two Adélaïdes and an Adèle - a maze of confusion

The modern secondary literature has a great deal of confusion surrounding the origin and identity of Adélaïde, whom we shall here call "of Chalon" for lack of a better name, to distinguish her from her namesakes. She has been confused with two other women, mother and daughter, who together with Adélaïde of Chalon make up the "two Adélaïdes and an Adèle" mentioned in the title of this section. The other two women are:

• Adélaïde, also known as Werra, wife of count Robert of Troyes.
• Her daughter Adèle, first wife of Geoffroy Grisegonelle.

Several things have contributed to this confusion. The similarity in the women's names has led to problems. This has been even more the case in some French works which have given the names of all three women in the form "Aélis". The fact that two of the women were married to Geoffroy Grisegonelle of Anjou has certainly aided the confusion. The commonly conjectured (but doubtful) connection of Adélaïde of Chalon as a daughter or granddaughter of Giselbert of Burgundy can be contrasted to Adélaïde/Werra's genuine status as Giselbert's daughter.

The supposed connection of Adélaïde of Chalon to the family of Giselbert is based on the fact that her first husband Lambert is indicated as the first count of Chalon (apparently, of his family), and Giselbert was previously count of Chalon ["... nobilissimus strenuissimusque Lambertus, filius Rotberti vicecomitis, Ingeltrude matre ortus, obtinuit comitatum Cabilonensem primus, assentante rege primoribusque Francie, ..." Cart. Paray-le-Monial, 2 (#2)]. From this, it has been claimed that Lambert's claim to Chalon came through his wife Adélaïde, and that Adélaïde was therefore closely related to Giselbert. As is discussed in more detail on Giselbert's page, there is no direct evidence to support this claim. Although the parentage of Adélaïde of Chalon remains unknown, it is improbable that her relationship to Giselbert, if any, was that of daughter or granddaughter.

Nevertheless, since Adélaïde/Werra and Adèle were (respectively) a daughter and granddaughter of Giselbert, the incorrect attempts to place Adélaïde of Chalon as a daughter or granddaughter of Giselbert have resulted in several variations in which Adélaïde of Chalon is a sister of either Adélaïde/Werra or Adèle or is identified with one of them. For example, Vajay made Adélaïde of Chalon a niece of Adèle [Vajay (1962), 159], while Chizelle made Adèle a niece of Adélaïde of Chalon [Chizelle (1986), 69], and both of them made things even more confusing by calling both women Aélis, a French form often treated as an equivalent of both Adélaïde and Adèle. Given this, it is not surprising that many modern sources have been confused about the three women. Among the various false scenarios which have appeared, we indicate four versions below.

Scenario 1:
Falsely attributed father: Giselbert, d. 8 April 956, duke of Burgundy.
Falsely attributed mother: Ermengarde.
Falsely attributed sister: Adélaïde alias Werra, m. Robert, count of Troyes.
[Lot (1891), 323-6; Poupardin (1907), 220, 417; Chizelle (1986), 69] In addition to the lack of any direct evidence for such an affiliation, we have the problem that it would give us two sisters with the same name, an unlikely occurrence which should not be accepted without better evidence. See the page of Giselbert for further discussion.

Scenario 2:
False identification: Adélaïde alias Werra, m. Robert, count of Troyes.
Falsely attributed children:
Heribert "juvenus", d. 28 January 995 or 996, count of Meaux and Troyes, 980×4-995×6.
Adèle, living 6 March 974, m. ca. 965, Geoffroy I Grisegonelle, d. 987, count of Anjou.
[ES 3.1: 49, 116] This scenario is a further variation of Scenario 1, in which the two Adélaïdes are identified. It would have the very improbable result of making the second wife of Geoffroy Grisegonelle the mother of his first wife.

Scenario 3:
Falsely attributed grandfather: Giselbert, d. 8 April 956, duke of Burgundy.
Falsely attributed father: Robert, count of Troyes.
Falsely attributed mother: Adélaïde alias Werra, daughter of Giselbert, duke of Burgundy.
[Arbois de Jubainville (1859-66), 1: 140, 142; Kalckstein (1877), 302 & n. 2; Vajay (1962), 159] This scenario was refuted by Lot [Lot (1891), 323-6]. It is also improbable that the second wife of Geoffroy Grisegonelle was a sister of his first wife.

Scenario 4:
False identification: Adèle, first wife of Geoffroy I Grisegonelle, and daughter of Robert, count of Troyes.
Falsely attributed children:
Foulques III "Nerra", d. 1040, count of Anjou.
Geoffroy.
Bouchard (Barbatus), supposed father of Bouchard de Montmorency.
Adélaïde, mother of queen Constance.
One example of this impossible identification comes from a fabricated genealogy which was published with the cartulary of Trinité de Vendôme ["Anno inaugurationis Hugonis regis, obiit Godefridus comes Andegavorum dictus Grisagonella, filius Fulconis comitis dicti Boni et Gerbergæ comitissæ, et requiescit cum Adella uxore sua, relicta Lamberti comitis, in ecclesia Sancti-Martini. Godefridus comes et Adela habuerunt quatuor filios et duas filias: Fulconem comitem dictum Nigram, qui patri successit, Gaufridum de Montebasonis patrem Gaufridi, Mauricium et Burchardum Barbatum, qui fuit pater Burchardi de Montemaurenciaco, Gelduini archipresulis et Alberici comitis, et Adelasiam uxorem Willelmi comitis quæ fuit mater Constantiæ reginæ." Cart. Trinité de Vendôme, 1: 10-11 (#3)]. Of the supposed children, Foulques and Geoffroy were children of Geoffroy I Grisegonelle by his first wife Adèle de Troyes (see Geoffroy's page), Bouchard is part of a late attempt to fabricate an origin for the house of Montmorency, and Constance's mother Adélaïde was a sister of Geoffroy (see the page of Foulques II). Since Adèle was married to Geoffroy before 974, when Lambert was still alive, and Adélaïde only married Geoffroy after the death of Lambert, this identification is impossible.

Other possibilities and conjectures

Possible relative: Constance, m. Robert II, king of France
(relative of son Hugues)
Rodulfus Glaber states that Constance was related to Hugues, count of Chalon and bishop of Auxerre ["Accepit autem supradictus rex illius cognatam nomine et animo Constantiam, inclitam reginam, filiam videlicet prioris Willelmi Aquitaniæ ducis, ex qua etiam suscepit filios quattuor et filias duas." Rodulfus Glaber, iii, 7 (pp. 57-8)]. Since Constance was not, as stated in this passage, a daughter of Guillaume of Aquitaine, but was a daughter of Guillaume I of Provence, that explains the conjectures which appear in the next item.

Prou, Duchesne:
Supposed father or brother: Guillaume I, count of Arles (Provence).
In his edition of Rodulfus Glaber's work, Prou stated that Adélaïde was a sister of Constance, wife of king Robert II [Rodulfus Glaber, 43, n. 1]. Duchesne stated that she was a sister of Guillaume I [Duchesne (1619), 387]. While neither stated an explicit reason, both are undoubtedly based on the statement of Rodulfus Glaber mentioned in the previous item. Both seem to be assuming that cognata refers to a very close relative, which need not be the case. Chronologically, Prou's conjecture appears to ignore the fact that Constance was probably younger than Adélaïde's children.

Sackur:
Supposed father (improbable): Aubry I, count of Mâcon.
Supposed identification (improbable): Attala, daughter of Aubry I.
This suggestion, by Ernst Sackur [Sackur (1892-4), 2: 469-471], is based on a charter of count Liétaud (son of Aubry I) from February 944, which mentioned a certain Lambert, Liétaud's consanguineus, gave land to Liétaud, and that the same land was later regranted to Liétaud by his sister Attala ["ego Leotaldus et uxor mea Berta, ... hoc est mansus indominicatus cum æcclesia Beati Martini, quem mihi Lanbertus, consanguineus meus, dedit, et soror mea Attala michi postea reddidit, situs in pago Cabillonense, in villa Flagiaco, ...", Cart. Cluny, 1: 609-610 (#655)]. Given that Adélaïde gave birth to her son Maurice in 979 or later, it is unlikely that she was married as early as 944. See the pages of Lambert and Gerberge for further discussion.

Settipani:
Conjectured father (improbable): Hugues, d. after 936, count in Burgundy, son of Garnier, viscount of Sens.
Conjectured mother (improbable): Willa, d. after 967, conjectured daughter of Louis, son of Rhodolphe I, king of Burgundy.
This uses the names of Adélaïde's children and grandchildren as an onomastic starting point. Since Settipani regards Adélaïde as the mother of Gerberge, the names Gerberge, Otton, and Guillaume are included on the list of names which are regarded as the onomastic clues to Adélaïde's origin [Settipani (1994), 44-53]. Given that Adélaïde's status as Gerberge's mother is questionable, this conjecture is based on underlying assumptions which are doubtful at best.

Bouchard:
Conjectured ancestor: Louis "the Blind", d. after 927, king of Provence and Italy, emperor.
Conjectured ancestor: Adélaïde, second wife of Louis.
This onomastically based conjecture also hypothesizes a close relation to another Adélaïde, the wife of Hugues Capet [Bouchard (2001), 152-3].

See also Lambert's page for certain additional children who have been attributed to Lambert and Adélaïde.

Bibliography

Arbois de Jubainville (1859-66) = H. d'Arbois de Jubainville, Histoire des ducs et des comtes de Champagne, 6 vols. (Paris, 1859-1866).

Bachrach (1985) = Bernard S. Bachrach, "Geoffrey Greymantle, count of the Angevins, 960-987: a study in French politics", Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History 17 (n.s. 7, 1985): 3-65.

Bib. Hist. Yonne = Louis-Maximilien Duru, ed., Bibliothèque historique de l'Yonne, 2 vols., (Auxerre & Paris, 1850-63).

Bouchard (1987) = Constance Brittain Bouchard, Sword, Miter, and Cloister - Nobility and the church in Burgundy, 980-1198 (Cornell University Press, 1987).

Bouchard (2001) = Constance Brittain Bouchard, "Those of my Blood" Constructing Noble Families in Medieval Francia (Philadelphia, 2001).

Cart. Cluny = A. Bernard & A. Bruel, Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny, 6 vols., (Paris, 1876-1903).

Cart. Paray-le-Monial = Ulysse Chevalier, ed., Cartulaire de Paray-le-Monial (Montbéliard, 1891).

Cart. S.-Aubin = Bertrand de Broussillon, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin d'Angers, 3 vols. (Angers, 1903).

Cart. S.-Marcel-lès-Chalon = Paul Canat de Chizy, ed., Cartulaire du prieuré de Saint-Marcel-lès-Chalon (Chalon-sur-Saône, 1894).

Cart. Trinité de Vendôme = Charles Métais, Cartulaire de l'abbaye cardinale de la Trinité de Vendôme, 2 vols. (Paris, 1893).

Chizelle (1986) = Henri de Chizelle, "Aperçu sur le comté de Chalon-sur-Saône au Xe siècle: à propos de la comtesse Aélis", Annales de Bourgogne 58 (1986): 45-70.

Chizelle (1996) = Henri de Chizelle, "Notes complémentaires concernant Aélis (Adèlais), comtesse de Chalon", Annales de Bourgogne 68 (1996): 79-83.

Duchesne (1619) = André Duchesne (du Chesne), Histoire des roys, ducs, et comtes de Bourgogne et d'Arles (Paris, 1619).

ES = Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln (neue Folge), (Marburg, 1980-present).

Halphen (1906) = Louis Halphen, Le comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle (Paris, 1906).

Kalckstein (1877) = Carl von Kalckstein, Geschichte des französischen Königthums unter den ersten Capetingern (Leipzig, 1877).

Lot (1891) = Ferdinand Lot, Les derniers Carolingiens (Paris, 1891).

Mabille (1871) = Émile Mabille, Introduction au Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou (Société de l'Histoire de France, vol. 155, Paris, 1871).

Poupardin (1907) = René Poupardin, Le royaume de Bourgogne (888-1038) - Étude sur les origines du royaume d'Arles (Paris, 1907).

Rodulfus Glaber = Maurice Prou, ed., Raoul Glaber - les cinq livres de ses histoires (900-1044) (Paris, 1886).

Sackur (1892-4) = Ernst Sackur, Die Cluniacenser in ihrer kirchlichen und allgemeingeschichtlichen Wirksamkeit bis zur Mitte des elften Jahrhunderts, 2 vols. in 1 (Halle an der Saale, 1892-4).

Settipani (1994) = Christian Settipani, "Les origines maternelles du comte de Bourgogne Otte-Guillaume", Annales de Bourgogne 66 (1994), 5-63.

Compiled by Stewart Baldwin

First uploaded 24 April 2008.

Minor revision uploaded 26 July 2008 (added Bouchard conjecture on Adélaïde's origin).

Project Home Page

Henry II Ancestor Table

Alphabetical Index of Ancestor Pages